11. As if

• Present

• • You look as if you are drunk- fact.

  • You look as if you were drunk- non-fact.

• Past

• • The town looks as if it has been/ was struck by a Tornado.-fact

  • The town looks like as if it had been struck by a Tornado.-non- fact

• Future

• • He sounds as if he will make a good teacher.- fact

  • He sounds as if he would make a good teacher. Non-fact

12. Subjunctive

• Mandatory

-present subjunctive

I, you ,he ,she ,it, we, you, they – go,be

-past subjunctive

I, you,… - were (used in conditional)

I insist that wild animals (should) be kept in cages.

• Formulaic

• • Come what may- niech się stanie co chce

  • Long live the Queen

  • Suffice it to say-wystarczy powiedzieć

  • Be that as it may-mimo tego

  • God forbid-Boże broń

  • So be it- niech tak będzie

  • Far be it for me-daleko jestem od